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October 2025 

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A look at "hotspots" of investor-owned single-family homes in the region  

 

Investors tend to acquire homes in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods and usually pay cash for them, according to an analysis of areas of concentrated investor activity in seven large counties in the Fourth District.  

More findings

Affordable Housing and Neighborhoods

What caused the housing supply crisis? And what could solve it? 

 

“Lance George says he’s nothing without his maps.” So begins this conference coverage, which identifies five ideas for increasing the affordable housing supply. 

Read or watch

How are community colleges meeting the needs of students?

 

The Survey of Community College Outcomes is a tool the Richmond Fed has developed to better measure the way community colleges are serving their students and communities.

Explore the tool

Keeping a pulse on the Fourth District

 

The Federal Reserve’s Beige Book is a national summary of economic conditions. It includes sections from various Reserve Banks devoted to the conditions of lower-income individuals and communities in the regions these Banks serve. A recent entry from the Cleveland Fed includes the following insights from Fourth District community contacts:

  • When surveyed, most respondents from Ohio’s Federally Qualified Health Centers, which provide services to underserved populations and areas, indicated that potential Medicaid cuts would significantly impact their budgets.
  • Contacts reported flat consumer spending in recent weeks, with several citing affordability concerns, especially for low- and middle-income consumers.
Read more

Small Business

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Reminder: The Small Business Credit Survey is open  

 

If you own a small business of fewer than 500 employees or are its key financial decisionmaker, please participate in this year’s survey; responses are confidential. 

Take the survey

Survey finds national small business outlook less bullish

 

Small businesses were less optimistic than they had been six months earlier about their future revenue and employment growth and their plans for capital investment, according to a survey of chambers of commerce and other small business resource organizations.

Read more

Small Businesses look to deploy artificial intelligence 

 

In 2024, Small Business Credit Survey respondents shared that they are considering the benefits of artificial intelligence (AI). A Fed analyst discusses which survey results surprised her, and small business owners talk about their experiences using AI.

Learn more

Workforce

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A tool for filling in-demand jobs

 

Like many states across the country, Ohio is hoping to grow its number of advanced manufacturing jobs. How can we identify people that have the right skills for this line of work? The Occupational Mobility Explorer can help.

Get started

How do we better connect people with economic opportunity? 

 

Job seekers now face the disruptive challenge of artificial intelligence on top of familiar barriers like lack of childcare and transportation. How can they navigate this daunting employment landscape?

Read or watch

Employers crucial to tackling benefits cliffs

 

Lower-wage workers can face benefits cliffs when an increase in earned income prompts a larger drop in their public benefits. Pilot programs and partnerships offer employers guidance on how they can help address the issue.

Learn more

Around the District

Engage the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's Speakers Bureau for your next event

 

The Cleveland Fed’s Speakers Bureau offers access to experts who can provide insight on a broad range of topics. Fed speakers can give presentations, lead workshops, or serve as panelists, allowing for an exchange of ideas that fosters discussion and encourages audience involvement. 

Request an expert

Hammack discusses energy research and development in suburban Pittsburgh

 

Cleveland Fed president and CEO Beth M. Hammack toured Westinghouse’s eVinci® Microreactor Accelerator Hub in Etna, Pennsylvania, to learn how a Fourth District business is working on new ways to develop energy.

Learn more about Hammack’s travels

Federal Reserve System Events

Fed Talk recordings

Watch the recordings from our latest Fed Talks. Recent topics include the 2025 economic outlook and a conversation with Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland president Beth Hammack.

Listen now

Crossing the Credit Barrier Conference

 

October 22–23, 2025

(St. Louis, Missouri, and virtually)

Register

Making Missing Markets: Connecting Communities and Capital

November 19, 2025

(New York, New York, and virtually)

Learn more

Meet the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland’s Community Development Department. 

Got this through a forward? Subscribe here for 2–4 updates per year. 

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Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 1455 E 6th St, Cleveland, OH 44114, US

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